Baidu World Technology Conference (Press Release).

Baidu, Inc. (/ ˈbaɪduː/ BY-doo; Chinese: 百度; pinyin: Bǎidù; lit. ‘hundred times’) is a Chinese multinational technology business concentrating on Internet services and expert system. It holds a dominant position in China’s online search engine market (by means of Baidu Search), and provides a wide array of other internet services such as Baidu App (Baidu’s flagship app for search and newsfeed), Baidu Baike (an online encyclopedia), iQIYI (a video streaming service), and Baidu Tieba (a keyword-based discussion forum).

Besides its core internet search business, Baidu has actually diversified into several high-growth locations. The company is a leading gamer in self-governing driving (Baidu Apollo), [3] and wise customer electronic devices (Xiaodu). [4] With over a decade of financial investment in artificial intelligence, Baidu is among the couple of tech companies globally to offer a full-stack AI stack, consisting of software, chips, cloud facilities, structure designs, and applications. [5]

The holding company of the group is integrated in the Cayman Islands. [2] Baidu was included in January 2000 by Robin Li and Eric Xu. Baidu has origins in RankDex, an earlier online search engine established by Robin Li in 1996, before he established Baidu in 2000. [6] The business is headquartered in Beijing’s Haidian District. [7]

In December 2007, Baidu became the very first Chinese business to be included in the NASDAQ-100 index. [8] As of May 2018, Baidu’s market cap increased to US$ 99 billion. [9] [10] [11] In October 2018, Baidu became the first Chinese firm to sign up with the United States-based computer system ethics consortium Partnership on AI. [12] During the 2020s, Baidu has actually progressively focused on generative AI related items. [13]

The Chinese government views Baidu as one of its national champion corporations. [14]:156 -157

Early advancement

In 1994, Robin Li (Pinyin: Li Yanhong, Chinese: 李彦宏) signed up with IDD Information Services, a New Jersey department of Dow Jones and Company, where he helped develop software application for the online edition of The Wall Street Journal. [15] He likewise dealt with establishing much better algorithms for search engines and remained at IDD Information Services from May 1994 to June 1997.

In 1996, while at IDD, Li established the RankDex site-scoring algorithm for search engines results page ranking [6] [16] [17] and received a United States patent for the innovation. [18] Launched in 1996, [6] RankDex was the first online search engine that utilized links to determine the quality of websites it was indexing. [19] Li described his search mechanism as “link analysis,” which involved ranking the popularity of a website based upon how many other sites had linked to it. [20] It preceded the comparable PageRank algorithm used by Google two years later on in 1998; [21] Google founder Larry Page referenced Li’s work as a citation in some of his U.S. patents for PageRank. [6] [21] [22] Li later used his RankDex technology for the Baidu search engine.

Baidu was included on 18 January 2000 by Robin Li and Eric Xu. [7] In 2001, Baidu enabled advertisers to bid for advertisement space then pay Baidu each time a client clicked an advertisement, preceding Google’s approach to advertising. [20] In 2003, Baidu released a news online search engine and photo online search engine, adopting a special recognition innovation efficient in determining and grouping the articles. [23]

2005: Public Listing on NASDAQ

Baidu went public on Wall Street through a interest entity (VIE) based in the Cayman Islands on 5 August 2005. [24]

In 2007, Chinese government and Chinese market sources stated that Baidu received a license from Beijing, which permits the search engine to end up being a full-fledged news website. Thus Baidu has the ability to supply its own reports, besides showing particular outcomes as a search engine. Baidu was the very first Chinese online search engine to receive such a license. [25]

Baidu started its Japanese language search service, run by Baidu Japan, the company’s very first routine service beyond China in 2008. [26] The Japanese search engine closed on 16 March 2015. [27]

On 31 July 2012, Baidu announced that it would partner with Sina to provide mobile search results page. [28]

On 18 November 2012, Baidu revealed that it would be partnering with Qualcomm to provide free cloud storage to Android users with Snapdragon processors. [29]

On 2 August 2013, Baidu introduced its Personal Assistant app, developed to help CEOs, managers and the white-collar employees manage their company relationships. [30]

On 16 May 2014, Baidu selected Dr. Andrew Ng as primary scientist. Dr. Ng will lead Baidu Research in Silicon Valley and Beijing. [31]

On 18 July 2014, the business released a Brazilian variation of the search engine, Baidu Busca. [32]

On 9 October 2014, Baidu announced acquisition of Brazilian regional e-commerce website Peixe Urbano. [33]

2017: Launch of Autonomous Driving Business

In April 2017, Baidu announced the launch of its Apollo project (Apolong), a self-driving vehicle platform, in a quote to assist drive the advancement of self-governing vehicles consisting of car platform, hardware platform, open-source software platform and cloud information services. [34] Baidu prepares to introduce this task in July 2017, before slowly presenting fully autonomous driving abilities on highways and open city roadways by 2020. [35] In September 2017, Baidu launched a $1.5 billion self-governing driving fund to buy as numerous as 100 autonomous driving projects over the occurring 3 years. [36] At the exact same time, Apollo open-source software variation 1.5 was likewise introduced. [37]

In June 2017, Baidu partnered with Continental and Bosch, auto industry providers, on automated driving and connected cars and trucks. [38]

In July 2017, Baidu GBU got in into a partnership with Snap Inc. to serve as the company’s official advertisement reseller for Snapchat in Greater China, South Korea, Japan and Singapore. [39] The collaboration was extended in 2019. [40]

In September 2017, Baidu presented a brand-new portable talking translator that can listen and speak in a number of different languages. Smaller than a normal smartphone, the 140-gram translation gadget can likewise be utilized as a portable Wi-Fi router and is able to operate on networks in 80 countries. It is still under advancement. Baidu will also be placing artificial intelligence (AI) technology into smartphones, through its deep knowing platform. [41] [42] At the same period, it has actually likewise led a joint financial investment of US$ 12billion with Alibaba Group, Tencent, JD.com and Didi Chuxing, obtaining 35% of China Unicom’s stakes. [43] [44] [45]

In October 2017, according to The Wall Street Journal, Baidu would launch self-driving buses in China in 2018. [46] [47] In the same month, Baidu revealed that its first annual Baidu World innovation conference (Bring AI to Life) would be held and live-streamed on 16 November 2017, at China World Summit Wing and Kerry Hotel, combining Baidu executives, staff members, partners, developers, and media to discuss the company’s mission and strategy, innovation breakthroughs, new item developments, and its open artificial-intelligence (AI) community. [48]

China’s government designated Baidu as one of its “AI champs” in 2018. [49]:281

In 2018, Baidu divested the “Global DU company” portion of its overseas business, which developed a series of utility apps including ES File Explorer, DU Caller, Mobojoy, Photo Wonder and DU Recorder, etc. [50] This organization now operates separately of Baidu under the name DO Global. [51]

2021: Hong Kong Secondary Listing

In March 2021, Baidu secured a secondary listing on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, raising $3.1 billion. This marked the largest homecoming for a U.S.-traded Chinese business in Hong Kong given that JD.com’s noting the previous June.

In August 2021 Baidu revealed a new Robocar principle said to be capable of Level 5 self-governing driving. [52] It likewise features the current second-generation AI chip that can evaluate the internal and external environments to offer predictive suggestions to proactively serve the needs of travelers.

In June 2022, Jidu Auto, an intelligent electrical car business initially backed by Baidu and Geely revealed its very first idea ROBO-01 in the form of a pre-production vehicle. The ROBO-01 trips on the Sustainable Experience Architecture (SEA) platform, a modular electrical car platform developed by Geely Holding. [53]

In August 2023, Baidu unveiled its ChatGPT-equivalent language design Ernie Bot publicly. [54] In October 2023, Baidu launched a newer variation Ernie 4.0 chatbot. [55]

As of April 2024, Apollo Go, Baidu’s autonomous ride-hailing service, had finished 6 million rides utilizing driverless robotaxis throughout 11 cities. The service runs a fleet of over 400 driverless cars in Wuhan. [56]

Domain redirection attack

On 12 January 2010, Baidu.com’s DNS records in the United States were modified such that internet browsers to baidu.com were rerouted to a website purporting to be the Iranian Cyber Army, thought to lag the attack on Twitter throughout the 2009 Iranian election protests, making the proper site unusable for 4 hours. [57] Internet users were consulted with a page stating “This site has been attacked by Iranian Cyber Army”. [58] Chinese hackers later on reacted by attacking Iranian websites and leaving messages. [59] Baidu later launched legal action against Register.com for gross carelessness after it was revealed that Register.com’s technical assistance staff changed the email address for Baidu.com on the demand of an unnamed individual, in spite of failing security verification treatments. Once the address had actually been changed, the person had the ability to utilize the forgotten password function to have Baidu’s domain passwords sent out straight to them, enabling them to achieve the domain hijacking. [60] [61] The lawsuit was settled out of court under concealed terms after Register.com issued an apology. [62]

Baidu workers detained

On 6 August 2012, the BBC reported that three staff members of Baidu were apprehended on suspicion that they accepted bribes. The bribes were apparently paid for erasing posts from the online forum service. Four people were fired in connection with these arrests. [63]

91 Wireless acquisition

On 16 July 2013, Baidu revealed its objective to buy 91 Wireless from NetDragon. 91 Wireless is best known for its app store, however it has been reported that the app shop faces personal privacy and other legal concerns. [64] On 14 August 2013, Baidu announced that its wholly owned subsidiary Baidu (Hong Kong) Limited has actually signed a definitive merger contract to acquire 91 Wireless Web-soft Limited from NetDragon Web-soft Inc. [65] for$1.85 billion in what was reported to be the most significant deal ever in China’s IT sector. [66]

Name

The name Baidu (百度) actually suggests “a hundred times”, or alternatively, “numerous times”. It is a quote from the last line of Xin Qiji’s (辛弃疾) classical poem “Green Jade Table in The Lantern Festival” (青玉案 · 元夕) stating: “Having browsed numerous times in the crowd, all of a sudden turning back, she exists in the dimmest candlelight.” (众里寻他千百度, 蓦然回首, 那人却在灯火阑珊处 。) [67] [68]

Services

Qunar (Qunar Cayman Islands Limited), travel-booking service managed by Baidu. As of 2013, Qunar had 31.4 million active users and raised $167 Million at its going public that year. [69] It is listed at NASDAQ. [70]
Advertisements

Baidu’s primary advertising product is called Baidu Tuiguang and resembles Google Ads and AdSense. It is a pay per click marketing platform that allows marketers to have their advertisements displayed in Baidu search engine result pages and on other websites that become part of Baidu Union. However, Baidu’s search results page are also based on payments by marketers. This has actually triggered criticism and apprehension among Chinese users, with People’s Daily commenting in 2018 on problems regarding reliability of Baidu outcomes. Often as numerous as the first 2 pages of search results tend to be paid advertisers. [71]

Baidu offers its advertising items via a network of resellers. [72] Baidu’s web administrative tools are all in Chinese, making it hard for non-Chinese speakers to utilize. In 2012, a third-party business developed a tool with a user interface in English for advertising on Baidu. [73] [74] Advertisers on Baidu should have a registered organization address either in China or in specified East Asian countries. [75]

Competition

Baidu [76] takes on Sogou, Google Search, 360 Search (www.so.com), Yahoo! China, Microsoft’s Bing and MSN Messenger, Sina, NetEase’s Youdao and PaiPai, Alibaba’s Taobao, TOM Online, DuckDuckGo, and EachNet.

Baidu is the most secondhand online search engine in China, managing 76.05 percent of China’s market share. The variety of Internet users in China had reached 705 million by the end of 2015, according to a report by the internetlivestats.com. [77]

In an August 2010 Wall Street Journal short article, [78] Baidu soft-pedaled its gain from Google’s having moved its China search service to Hong Kong, however Baidu’s share of income in China’s search-advertising market grew 6 percentage points in the 2nd quarter to 70%, according to Beijing-based research company Analysys International.

It is likewise evident that Baidu is trying to enter the Internet social media network market. Since 2011 [update], it is going over the possibility of working with Facebook, which would result in a Chinese version of the international social network, managed by Baidu. [79] This plan, if carried out, would take on Baidu with competitors from the three popular Chinese socials media Qzone, Renren [80] and Kaixin001 [81] as well as cause competition with instant-messaging giant, Tencent QQ. [82]

On 22 February 2012, Hudong submitted a problem to the State Administration for Industry and Commerce asking for an evaluation of the behavior of Baidu, accusing it of being monopolistic. [83]

By August 2014, Baidu’s search market share in China dropped to 56.3%, where Qihoo 360, its closest rival who has actually rebranded its search engine as so.com, has increased its market share to 29.0%, according to report from CNZZ.com. [84]

In February 2015, Baidu was declared to have actually used anticompetitive strategies in Brazil versus the Brazilian online security firm PSafe and Qihoo 360 (the biggest financier of PSafe). [85] [86]

In an ongoing competitors in AI natural language processing called General Language Understanding Evaluation, otherwise referred to as GLUE, Baidu took a lead over Microsoft and Google in December 2019. [87]

Research and patents

Baidu has actually started to buy deep learning research and is incorporating new deep learning innovation into a few of its apps and items, including Phoenix Nest. Phoenix Nest is Baidu’s ad-bidding platform. [88]

In April 2012 Baidu JDC long live gotten a patent for its “DNA copyright recognition” technology. This innovation immediately scans files that are published by Internet users, and acknowledges and filters out content that might break copyright law. This permits Baidu to use an infringement-free platform. [89] [90]

In April 2022, Baidu revealed they acquired permits from China to provide the first driverless taxis. The company objective to provide driverless ride-hailing services to the public and have 10 autonomous cars and trucks set to start using rides to passengers within a 23-square-mile area in rural start starting 28 April 2022. [91]

In July 2022, Baidu unveiled the Apollo RT6, a driverless vehicle that is planned to join Baidu’s driverless fleet in 2023. [92]

According to the China Digital Times, Baidu has a long history of being the most active and restrictive online censor in the search arena. Documents dripped in April 2009 from an employee in Baidu’s internal tracking and censorship department show a long list of obstructed websites and censored topics on Baidu search. [93]

In May 2011, activists sued Baidu in the United States for breaking the U.S. Constitution by the censorship it conducts in accord with the demand of the Chinese government. [94] A U.S. judge has ruled [95] that the Chinese online search engine Baidu can block works from its query results under liberty of speech rights, dismissing a suit that looked for to penalize the business. [96] [97]

In 2017, Baidu began collaborating with the Chinese Ministry of Public Security as well as 372 Internet police departments to find information associated to “anti-government rumors” and then flooding “Baidu-linked web websites, news sites and gadgets with informs dispelling misinformation.” [98] This was done utilizing natural language processing, huge data and expert system. [98]

As part of the COVID-19 pandemic, Chinese regulators instructed Baidu, in addition to other Internet companies, to “perform unique guidance” on news and details associated to the illness. [99]

In November 2022, Sustainalytics reduced Baidu to “non-compliant” with the United Nations Global Compact concepts due to complicity with censorship. [100]

Controversies

Death of Wei Zexi

In 2016, Baidu’s P4P search results page reportedly contributed to the death of a trainee who tried an experimental cancer therapy he found online. The 21-year-old college student was called Wèi Zéxī (魏则西), who studied in Xidian University. Wei was detected with synovial sarcoma, an unusual type of cancer. He discovered the Second Hospital of the Beijing Armed Police Corps (武警北京市总队第二医院) through the search engine Baidu, on which the healthcare facility had been promoting itself. [101] The treatment proved not successful and Wèi died in April 2016. [101]

After Wei’s household invested around 200,000 yuan (around US$ 31,150) for treatment in the health center, Wei Zexi died on 12 April 2016. The occurrence activated massive online discussions after Wei’s death. [102] On 2 May 2016, Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC), the leading guard dog for China’s Internet area, dispatched a group of investigators to Baidu. [103] The case is still ongoing. One report declared medical marketing makes up for 30% of Baidu’s advertisement revenue, much of which originates from for-profit medical facilities that belong to the “Putian Network”, a collection of healthcare facilities across the country established by medical entrepreneurs associated with the Putian area of Fujian province. [104] The investigation led Chinese regulators to enforce several limitations on Baidu, including adding disclaimers to marketing content and developing channels for grievances about Baidu services. [105] In addition, Baidu’s search function now mostly directs users to contents published on platforms under Baidu’s control, leading Chinese media scholar Fang Kecheng to announce that “Online search engine Baidu is dead”. [106]

Commercialization of Tieba

Baidu sold the hemophilia online neighborhood, among the neighborhoods of Tieba, to unqualified medical facilities. In January 2016, Baidu announced that it will stop selling all of its illness-related Tieba. [107] On 12 January, Baidu officially revealed to the public that all Baidu Tieba for all types of diseases will entirely stop industrial cooperation and will only be open to authoritative public welfare organizations. In reaction to Baidu’s decision, Lin Jinlong, president of the Hunan Medical and Health Industry Association, stated that personal health centers have entered a period of industry improvement and updating, and are neither based on posting bar ads nor relying on competitive rankings any longer, so Baidu’s choice will not have an unfavorable influence on the market. [108]

DO Global subsidiary ad-fraud in downloaded apps

On 20 April 2019, it was reported that a number of applications for Android devices developed by the subsidiary company, DO Global (previously DU Group), were surreptitiously running revenue enhancing background programs on user devices given that at least 2016. [109] These programs, part of 6 recognized applications established by the company, and downloaded hundreds of millions times, were clicking web advertisements – even when the gadgets were idle, and unbeknownst to end users, to increase earnings generated by “clicks”. [109] Just one of the apps, all of which were available on Google Play Store, had been downloaded 50 million times alone and brought a user rating of 4.5 stars by tens of thousands. [109]

Google prohibited DO Global and more than 100 of its apps from the Google Play Store on 26 April 2019. [110] [111] DO Global was also prohibited from Google’s AdMob Network. [110] Apps from another designer, ES Global, including the ES File Explorer, that were owned by DO Global were banned from the Play Store and the account was suspended. [112] [113] [114] [115] [116] [117] [118]

Block in India

In August 2020, following the 2020 China-India skirmishes, Baidu was among a number of Chinese websites that were banned or blocked in India for nationwide security reasons. [119]

2024 head of interactions debate

In May 2024, Baidu’s former vice president and head of interactions Qu Jing [zh] (Chinese: 璩静) sparked significant backlashes across the Chinese social media for endorsing poisonous workplace culture, where, according to a Douyin video, she has asked a coworker to be on a 50-day business trip throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. [120] The report has aroused even more discussions among Chinese netizens regarding Baidu’s business governance and internal culture. Qu honestly asked forgiveness after the event and has apparently lost her task. Baidu’s stock price fell 2.17% in Hong Kong following the incident. [121] [122]

Panguso.
Tencent.
Sogou.
Alibaba.
Google.
Intellectual home in the People’s Republic of China.
Software industry in China.
Comparison of web online search engine.
List of online search engine.
List of search engines by appeal.

China.

Companies.

Internet.

Technology.

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Further reading

– Lee, Melanie (19 January 2010). “NEWSMAKER-Baidu creator guidelines China’s Web with pragmatism”. Reuters.
– Udeze, Chuka (26 March 2012). “Baidu Search to be Integrated by Apple on iOS Devices”.
– Kohout, Martin (30 October 2014). “Spyware Baidu to Sony Xperia smart devices”.